Classification of textile fibres pdf

The textile industry uses many fibres as its raw materials. As a result of the development of new fibres, difficulties arise in textile industry in terms of identification, classification. fClassification of fibers can be done by: Type (Natural and manufactured) Length (Short staple, long staple, continuous filament) Size (Ultra fine, fine, regular, course) ffNATURAL FIBRE Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable or mineral source that can be convertible after spinning into In a very general way, a fiber is defined as any product capable of being woven or otherwise made into a fabric. It may be thought of as the smallest visible unit of textile production. Fibers may be agricultural products (such as cotton or wool) or units (such as nylon or polyester) manufactured in a chemical plant. Fibers than serve as the raw material in the next stage of textile manufacturing. 4.3 Length distributions and fibre diagrams 137 4.4 Wool and cotton 144 4.5 Crimp 146 4.6 Individual fibre length measurement 147 4.7 Comb-sorter methods 149 4.8 The Balls sledge sorter 152 4.9 Cutting-and-weighing methods 153 4.10 Automated scanning of fibre tufts 156 4.11 Scanning individual fibres 161 4.12 References 162 5 Fibre density 163 Silk is a continuous filament fiber. A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) of: (1) animal (i.e., silk fiber, wool fiber) (2) mineral (i.e., asbestos fiber) or (3) vegetable origin (i.e., cotton. flex, jute and ramie fiber). 2.2 Man made Fibers 1.2. Historical background of natural fibres. Textile fibres have been used to make cloth for the last 4000 or 5000 years. Until 1885, when the first man-made (artificial) fibre was produced commercially, fibres were obtained from plants and animals. The fibres most commonly used were: flax, hemp, silk, wool and cotton. 1.3 Classification of textile fibres 10 1.3.1 Classification according to their nature and origin 11 1.3.2 Classification according to their botanical, zoological or chemical name 16 1.3.3 Classification according to their ability to absorb moisture 23 1.3.4 Classification according to their thermoplasticity 23 Physical Classification of Fibers. A fiber can be described as any substance natural or manufactured that is suitable for being processed into a fabric. Fiber properties include length (staple or filament), size and surface contour. These properties affect the end use such as serviceability, aesthetics, durability, comfort, retention, and care. Classification of Textile Testing (Fibers, Yarns, Fabrics) Testing is the process or procedure to determines the quality of a product. And quality could be termed as customers' satisfaction; a good quality product means that it will fulfill all the purposes for which it has been produced. Textile testing is a most important way to certified a CLASSIFICATION . INTRODUCTION Yarn is "a generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. Yarns play an important role in the fabric manufacturing process since a Fibre length is used to broadly divide yarns into: the dye from the fibre. It is for these reasons that extraction and analysis of dye from fibres is only carried out once the other physical and optical methods of analysis have been exhausted. 11.3.1 Extraction . The first step in the anal